Challenges Associated With the Logistics Management-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Describe the key achievement factors for the methodologies that were actualized for the situation study. 2.Explain the reasonable difficulties related with the coordinations the executives techniques applied to make arrangements for this situation. 3.Describe the methodologies that ought to be executed to keep up the outcomes that have been figured it out. Answers: Presentation Coordinations and flexibly the board is two distinct words and idea in which coordinations alludes to as the exercises that empower the progression of products through the gracefully chain (Christopher, 2016). The report depends working on it investigation of Logistics and gracefully the executives of KANE Is Able. The point of the report is to mirror the key achievement factors for methodologies, challenges related with coordinations the executives and a few proposals. Kane Is Able (KANE) offers the total coordinations support for a high-volume to PG (Procter Gamble). PG is a notable driving American worldwide shopper merchandise partnership that appeared in the year 1837. The organization has its home office in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio. PG has producing plant for Bounty, Charmin, Pampers and numerous different brands (PG, 2018). Kane Is Able is an outsider coordinations supplier that helps the retail accomplices and makers with the office of stockroom and dispersion of merchandise over the U.S and the organization appeared in the year 1930 (Kane Is Able, 2018). 1.The key achievement factors for the systems Kane is liable for the assembling/ - in-plant backing, dissemination, and warehousing of the items and yard administrations. The presentation of the organization was bounced high after the accepted office activities from another 3PL yet in 2011 it dropped after that the organization arranged a few procedures to improve the exhibition. The key factor behind the achievement of the methodology was the joint arrangement of Kane with PG alongside this the organization changed the site into a superior. Kane directed the point by point site appraisal with the assistance of which they had the option to break down the issues that they are having in their framework and procedures. They found that there is need of right staff at the spot. Appraisal of the site was perhaps the greatest factor because of which they swapped their workers for improving execution. The organization gave the away from to their workers about the way of life of responsibility which was basic for all the colleagues admitted by Torrey (General Manager) yet this was a viable method to improve the presentation. The codes of Kane turned into the key achievement factors for the techniques that were executed for the situation study. These codes were: - Keep Safety first Sweat the subtleties Respect your statement Maintain a strategic distance from Surprises Treat clients like family 2.Challenges identified with the coordinations the executives methodologies applied to produce goals for this situation In the year 2011, the Kane Company fall in view of moves identified with the stock precision and wellbeing. Considering the difficulties the organization applied a portion of the goals which are talked about beneath: - Security: - PG and Kane nearby administration banded together to start the recordable episode rate (RIR) for wellbeing occurrences from red to green. The organization acquaints the strategies related with the security groups, wellbeing appreciation and prize bundle alongside this the organization utilized wellbeing measurements sheets and the wide-extending correspondence on the danger triggers. This outcomes in the abatement in the wellbeing episode rate as the RIR went down from 2.3 in 2011 to 0.0 in 2014. Stock: - PG conducts shock stock surveys consistently and this audit methodology is performed by the representatives of the organization and by different resources. A quality group of Kane and PG was framed with the thought process to recognize the main drivers. The aftereffect of the unexpected reviews were 100% which shows an improvement in the test which was looked by the organization. Storeroom Operations: - This was one of the significant activities that were led by the Kane Company. Each thing that was utilized by the PG was utilized in the 1.5 million-square-foot plan from the hardware plants to the little gadgets are sourced from the worked storeroom of Kane. Kane Company chose to actualize the Six-Sigma philosophies to talk the underlying drivers that were driving down receipt and (IRA) stock record exactness. Six-Sigma is quality and procedure the board apparatus that is utilized by the assembling business to acquire the improvement their activities (Pyzdek and Keller, 2014). After the execution of Six-Sigma apparatus the IRA increment from 96% to 99%. The improvement was conceivable in light of Kane group's solid execution and accordingly, the PG enrolled the group to help on the prominent tasks. These ventures were the arrangement of the PG send out conveyance to Japan and Australia and the direct-to-store merchandise dispersion from different other PG plants. 3.Strategies that ought to be executed to keep up the outcomes that have been figured it out The organization can keep up the outcomes that have been acknowledged by utilizing the six sigma apparatus on the grounds that the instrument brings the progressions if the organization actualize it for a long term. Kane Company can likewise join the RFID innovation with the gracefully chain. The RFID (Radio-recurrence ID) utilizes an electromagnetic field to precisely recognize and follow the labels that are identified with the article (Ahson and Ilyas, 2017). Through this organization will have the option to deal with the undertakings easily as they will have the option to follow the merchandise that help in vendor in keeping the record and prompts customer fulfillment. Kane ought to likewise attempt to deal with the great relationship and association with the organizations who can give those tasks. Compelling relationship enables the organization in creating a greater amount of income and will to upgrade the picture or notoriety in the serious market End It very well may be finished up from the report that the Kane Company knew that they are inadequate with regards to some place because of which their tasks bring about the ruin. This is the explanation they promptly made the strides and structure procedures which are talked about in the report. Alongside this the report additionally reflects how the organization manages the difficulties looked by them (Mangan, Lalwani and Lalwani, 2016). Toward the end, there are a few suggestions given to the organization identified with the systems that ought to be executed to keep up the outcomes that have been figured it out References Ahson, S.A. furthermore, Ilyas, M., 2017.RFID Handbook: applications, innovation, security, and protection. New York: CRC press. Christopher, M., 2016.Logistics flexibly chain the board. UK: Pearson. Kane Is Able, 2018. Kane History. [Online] Available at: https://www.kaneisable.com/history [Accessed fifteenth February 2018]. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C. what's more, Lalwani, C.L., 2016.Global coordinations and flexibly chain the board. third ed. Incredible Britain: John Wiley Sons. PG, 2018. What Our identity is. [Online] Available at: https://us.pg.com/who-we-are [Accessed fifteenth February 2018]. Pyzdek, T. what's more, Keller, P.A., 2014.The six sigma handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.

Causes of cheating in School free essay sample

Understudies consistently believe that getting into a simple vocation might be by cheating in school. What they don't consider is that it is simply duping your way into a lie with no information. With no information an understudy gets into a bogus circumstance without a sign on what to do. Sluggishness is one route also that prompts cheating. As in numerous web destinations with simple responses to take care of business however get captured simple. It is in every case imperative frankly and accomplish your work, work, and so on with trustworthiness. Reasons for cheating in school Genuineness isn't simply expected in school yet by and large. An individual that is never genuine prompts them cheating in school. As this happens more than once every day, it at that point begins to happen more than once per understudy while they are going to class or while working on the web also. We will compose a custom paper test on Reasons for cheating in School or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Trustworthiness ought to be one of the fundamental principles in life for everybody and ought to be followed. So as to abstain from cheating in school, it is important to comprehend what causes the circumstance. Sluggishness isn't the appropriate response One reason for cheating in school is lethargy inside understudies. With apathy understudies choose to do the assignments the easy way. A basic way might be to duplicate another understudies work or essentially rework different understudies work. This progression doesn't help both of the understudies nor do they get far. Sluggishness ought not be a decision inside the ground or rules, nor should anybody take the course with lethargy. Measure of open sources Another reason for cheating in school is the measure of open sources to the understudies. With all the open sources, for example, the web, books, articles, and past finished assignments it is exceptionally simple to get a passing evaluation. As Ryan (2013) notes, â€Å"But the significant thing to recollect is that you’re not deciding blame or blamelessness, said Ryan, previous director of the state Polygraph Examiners Board. â€Å"You’re deciding if they’re being honest or endeavoring double dealing. †¦ There’s a distinction. † With that being stated, Its best to consistently carry out your responsibility as to being straightforward from where you get all your data for a task. Simple sources don't mean simple vocations. Rivalry inside understudies Lastly, cheating in school is brought about by the opposition between understudies to glance higher in scholarly evaluation than different understudies. Being in a higher scholarly evaluation an understudy may look â€Å"smarter† yet are swindling the path into the look. Educators and teachers may see a few circumstances that an understudy might be anxious about a specific task a day prior to a gigantic exposition is expected, yet the following day the work turned in is actually what another understudy has turned in. As Alfie Kohn (2008) clarifies in his article, â€Å"Because rivalry, a persevering spotlight on accomplishment, and terrible teaching method arent new, it makes sense that cheating isnt precisely an ongoing improvement either. Rivalry and cheating ought not be a pattern for understudies. End In synopsis, understudies ought to be keen and let their psyches do all the reasoning. As utilizing the web, it should just be utilized as an assistance not the speedy response to a bogus profession. Apathy, the many open sources, and rivalry ought not be the response to an extraordinary vocation. Abstaining from cheating in school will make you a superior individual, a superior individual for what's to come. References

History of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

History of China - Essay Example Mao utilized a methodology like that of Qin tradition that is administering with spreading apprehension and scorn against himself because of his strategies and style. After his triumph over Chiang Kai-shek in 1949 that was a socialist chief, and the making of the People's Republic of China, Mao's position was viewed as extremely solid in China. Albeit Chinese individuals had persevered through a ton during this time, however it appeared not very difficult for Mao to convince them of his visionary power and useful requirement for the Great Leap Forward of the late 1950s and he was effective in doing as such. Regardless of the passings of millions he caused, Mao was both an inventive scholar and a down to earth individual. He learned as a young not just how Shang Yang a past Qin Dynasty pioneer carried unfeeling laws to the Chinese individuals. Mao likewise realized that the Qin rulers had been both abhorred and dreaded and that there tradition was before long finished because of their activities, in spite of its quality of power and productive utilization of fear. At long last Mao passed on in 1976 yet left a blemish on the historical backdrop of China. Mao experienced issues during his opportunity to build up an effective residential financial and social arrangement for China. In 1958, Mao set a Great Leap Forward, which was principally a preliminary to break with the Russian model of Communism and to fill the Chinese individuals with recharged radical vitality. Roughly 20-30 million individuals kicked the bucket in the food emergency as the program gravely fizzled, between the years 1958-61. Along these lines, Mao pulled back incidentally from general visibility. As the aftereffect of the disappointment, help from Soviet Union likewise finished which was another stun for China. The significant reason for the fizzling of each procedure inferred by Chairman Mao whether its communism, free enterprise, fascism or majority rules system was his method of administering over the individuals. A strong verification is his nonstop changing of the five-year plan. Director Mao is held in high respect in China and is frequently depicted as an e xtraordinary progressive pioneer and a military and political virtuoso. He drove China through troublesome occasions, for example, of the War of Resistance and the Civil War and changed China from a feeble nation into a significant force through his social and monetary changes. Anyway some of the changes put without hesitation by Mao have been censured and considered capable by pundits from inside and over the fringes of the region of China to bring about harsh mischief to the way of life, economy, society, and outside relations of the nation in general. Mao propelled the First Five Year Plan in 1953-58. It expected to end Chinese dependence upon farming so as to turn into a politically influential nation. With help from USSR, new plants were set-up and horticultural creation declined intensely and low enough from where the industrialization thrived enough that the nation required no further help from the USSR. The achievement of the First Five Year Plan offered certainty to Mao to actuate the Second Five Year Plan, the Great Leap Forward, in 1958, which ended up being a significant disappointment due to his oppression. The resistance against him was so enormous and solid that he needed to make some move, which he did as gigantic killings. Another purpose behind the coming up short of a wide range of changes actualized by Chairman Mao was the thought process behind them. As per numerous authors this is demonstrated that each five-year plan and each social or financial approach Chairman Mao executed was to diminish the intensity of his adversaries or was to dispense with them. During the Great Leap Fo

Separation of Three Compounds by Extraction free essay sample

Partition of Three Compounds by Extraction Introduction: The motivation behind this investigation is do exhibit the best possible strategies of extraction and to build up a functional comprehension of this technique. In this investigation, extraction is utilized to isolate a known corrosive, base, and neural compound from one another. The initial two mixes experience proton move responses within the sight of acids or bases. Acids RCOOH, as benzoic corrosive, was deprotonated to shape RCOO-. Bases RNH2, similar to ethyl 4-aminobenzoate are protonated to shape RHN3+. When the mixes isolated into either the watery or natural layers, killing the fluid arrangement turns around the proton move. The significant response instruments are demonstrated as follows: Results: The outcomes for this analysis are summed up in the information table underneath. Compound| Real Comp. | Obs. Comp. | Actual Yield| Theoretical Ratio| Obs. Ratio| Obs. m. p. | Physical Appearance| Ethyl 4-aminobenzoate| . 233g| . 2093| 89%| 30%| 20%| 89 Â ° C| Off white appearance; powdery| Benzoic Acid| . 233g| . 243| 104%| 30%| 20%| 125 Â ° C| Clear crystals| 9-fluorenone| . We will compose a custom article test on Partition of Three Compounds by Extraction or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 11g| . 623| 200%| 40%| 60%| 82 Â ° C| Yellow, filmy,flakes| Discussion: Based on the outcomes, the most precise extraction accomplished was the primary compound, ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. With a 89% real yield of the aggravate, a third or fourth extraction would corrosive would have yielded progressively compound, since a few extractions with modest quantities is more effective than one extraction with a bigger sum. During the primary extraction of benzoic corrosive with NaOH, it was recognizably difficult to recognize the fluid and ether layer in light of the fact that both were yellow. Since 9-fluorenone is solvent in both the watery and natural arrangements, it is workable for a portion of this compound to be available in the fluid layer. In the subsequent extraction, notwithstanding, the two layers were obviously characterized, and there was not as much 9-fluorenone in the fluid layer, because of the way that the expansion of progressively base to the watery layer brought about a more energized arrangement, and the dissolvability of 9-fluorenone in water diminished. The underlying nearness of 9-fluorenone in the fluid layer clarifies why the watched mass was more noteworthy than anticipated; strong 9-fluorenone was available alongside the benzoic corrosive precious stones after the gems were dried. The gauging scale utilized might represent the huge blunder in our watched mass of 9-fluorenone. In the event that anything, the watched mass was required to be not exactly the genuine piece, since a portion of the mass was available with the benzoic corrosive precious stones. The tried softening focuses for each of the three mixes compare with their writing worth or range. The exactness of the estimation for 9-fluorenone may be undermined, since the softening point must be re-estimated with a previously warmed gadget, causing 9-fluorenone to dissolve in a flash. In the examination, the most proficient extraction happened when littler measures of the acids and bases were added to the arrangement on numerous occasions, as showed by our second extraction of benzoic corrosive sullied with 9-fluorenone. Because of the sub-atomic geometry of the molecules associated with shaping benzoic corrosive, the compound framed precious stones, true to form. All in all, the extraction technique was utilized to isolate obscure masses of ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, benzoic corrosive, and 9-fluorenone utilizing solid acids and bases. Through exact proof, a few extractions with littler measures of dissolvable are more proficient than 1 extraction with bigger measures of dissolvable.

How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned

How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned Basics Print How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 06, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 26, 2019 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In the conditioning process,  stimulus generalization  is the tendency for the  conditioned stimulus  to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit a fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat. One famous psychology experiment perfectly illustrated how stimulus generalization works. In the classic  Little Albert  experiment, researchers  John B. Watson  and Rosalie Rayner conditioned a little boy to fear a white rat. The researchers observed that the boy experienced stimulus generalization by showing fear in response to similar stimuli including a dog, a rabbit, a fur coat, a white Santa Claus beard, and even Watsons own hair. Instead of distinguishing between the fear object and similar stimuli, the little boy became fearful of objects that were similar in appearance to the white rat. (Though it should be noted, this experiment has been the subject of much debate and controversy in recent years).?? Illustration by Emily Roberts, Verywell Why Its Important It is important to understand how stimulus generalization can influence responses to the conditioned stimulus. Once a person or animal has been trained to respond to a stimulus, very similar stimuli may produce the same response as well. Sometimes this can be problematic, particularly in cases where the individual needs to be able to distinguish between stimuli and respond only to a very specific stimulus.?? For example, if you are using conditioning to train your dog to sit, you might utilize a treat to build an association between hearing the word Sit and receiving a treat. Stimulus generalization might cause your dog to respond by sitting when she hears similar commands, which may make the training process more difficult. In this case, you would want to use stimulus discrimination to train your dog to distinguish between different voice commands.?? Stimulus generalization can also explain why the fear of a certain object often affects many similar objects. A person who is afraid of spiders generally wont be afraid of just one type of spider. Instead, this fear will apply to all types and sizes of spiders. The individual might even be afraid of toy spiders and pictures of spiders as well. This fear may even generalize to other creatures that are similar to spiders such as other bugs and insects.   Classical and Operant Conditioning Stimulus generalization can occur in both  classical conditioning  and operant conditioning. Little Alberts fear of white furry objects is a great example of how stimulus generalization works in classical conditioning. While the child had originally been conditioned to fear a white rat, his fear also generalized to similar objects. In operant conditioning, stimulus generalization explains how we can learn something in one situation and apply it to other similar situations. For example, imagine that parents punish their son for not cleaning his room. He eventually learns to clean up his messes to avoid punishment. Instead of having to relearn this behavior at school, he applies the same principles he learned at home to his classroom behavior and cleaned up his messes before the teacher can punish him. Stimulus Discrimination However, a subject can be taught to  discriminate  between similar stimuli and only to respond to a specific stimulus. For example, imagine that a dog has been trained to run to his owner when he hears a whistle. After the dog has been conditioned, he might respond to a variety of sounds that are similar to the whistle. Because the trainer wants the dog to respond  only  to the specific sound of the whistle, the trainer can work with the animal to teach him to discriminate between different sounds. Eventually, the dog will respond only to the whistle and not to other tones. In another classic experiment conducted in 1921, researcher Shenger-Krestovnika paired the taste of meat (which is the unconditioned stimulus in this instance) with the sight of a circle. The dogs then learned to salivate (which is the  conditioned response) whenever they saw the circle.?? Researchers also observed that the dogs would begin to salivate when presented with an ellipse, which was similar but slightly different than the circle shape. After failing to pair the sight of the ellipse with the taste of meat, the dogs were able to discriminate eventually between the circle and ellipse.?? Stimulus generalization can have an important impact on the response to a stimulus. Sometimes individuals are able to discriminate between similar items, but in other cases, similar stimuli tend to evoke the same response. A Word From Verywell Stimulus generalization can play an important role in the conditioning process. Sometimes it can lead to desirable responses, such as how learning good behaviors in one setting can transfer to displaying the same good behaviors in other settings.?? In other cases, this tendency to generalize between similar stimuli can lead to problems. Failing to distinguish between two commands might make the learning process more difficult and can lead to incorrect responses. Fortunately, the same conditioning principles that are used to teach new behaviors can also be applied to help learners discriminate between similar stimuli and only respond to the desired stimulus.

How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned

How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned Basics Print How the Stimulus Generalization Process Is Conditioned By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 06, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 26, 2019 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In the conditioning process,  stimulus generalization  is the tendency for the  conditioned stimulus  to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned. For example, if a child has been conditioned to fear a stuffed white rabbit, it will exhibit a fear of objects similar to the conditioned stimulus such as a white toy rat. One famous psychology experiment perfectly illustrated how stimulus generalization works. In the classic  Little Albert  experiment, researchers  John B. Watson  and Rosalie Rayner conditioned a little boy to fear a white rat. The researchers observed that the boy experienced stimulus generalization by showing fear in response to similar stimuli including a dog, a rabbit, a fur coat, a white Santa Claus beard, and even Watsons own hair. Instead of distinguishing between the fear object and similar stimuli, the little boy became fearful of objects that were similar in appearance to the white rat. (Though it should be noted, this experiment has been the subject of much debate and controversy in recent years).?? Illustration by Emily Roberts, Verywell Why Its Important It is important to understand how stimulus generalization can influence responses to the conditioned stimulus. Once a person or animal has been trained to respond to a stimulus, very similar stimuli may produce the same response as well. Sometimes this can be problematic, particularly in cases where the individual needs to be able to distinguish between stimuli and respond only to a very specific stimulus.?? For example, if you are using conditioning to train your dog to sit, you might utilize a treat to build an association between hearing the word Sit and receiving a treat. Stimulus generalization might cause your dog to respond by sitting when she hears similar commands, which may make the training process more difficult. In this case, you would want to use stimulus discrimination to train your dog to distinguish between different voice commands.?? Stimulus generalization can also explain why the fear of a certain object often affects many similar objects. A person who is afraid of spiders generally wont be afraid of just one type of spider. Instead, this fear will apply to all types and sizes of spiders. The individual might even be afraid of toy spiders and pictures of spiders as well. This fear may even generalize to other creatures that are similar to spiders such as other bugs and insects.   Classical and Operant Conditioning Stimulus generalization can occur in both  classical conditioning  and operant conditioning. Little Alberts fear of white furry objects is a great example of how stimulus generalization works in classical conditioning. While the child had originally been conditioned to fear a white rat, his fear also generalized to similar objects. In operant conditioning, stimulus generalization explains how we can learn something in one situation and apply it to other similar situations. For example, imagine that parents punish their son for not cleaning his room. He eventually learns to clean up his messes to avoid punishment. Instead of having to relearn this behavior at school, he applies the same principles he learned at home to his classroom behavior and cleaned up his messes before the teacher can punish him. Stimulus Discrimination However, a subject can be taught to  discriminate  between similar stimuli and only to respond to a specific stimulus. For example, imagine that a dog has been trained to run to his owner when he hears a whistle. After the dog has been conditioned, he might respond to a variety of sounds that are similar to the whistle. Because the trainer wants the dog to respond  only  to the specific sound of the whistle, the trainer can work with the animal to teach him to discriminate between different sounds. Eventually, the dog will respond only to the whistle and not to other tones. In another classic experiment conducted in 1921, researcher Shenger-Krestovnika paired the taste of meat (which is the unconditioned stimulus in this instance) with the sight of a circle. The dogs then learned to salivate (which is the  conditioned response) whenever they saw the circle.?? Researchers also observed that the dogs would begin to salivate when presented with an ellipse, which was similar but slightly different than the circle shape. After failing to pair the sight of the ellipse with the taste of meat, the dogs were able to discriminate eventually between the circle and ellipse.?? Stimulus generalization can have an important impact on the response to a stimulus. Sometimes individuals are able to discriminate between similar items, but in other cases, similar stimuli tend to evoke the same response. A Word From Verywell Stimulus generalization can play an important role in the conditioning process. Sometimes it can lead to desirable responses, such as how learning good behaviors in one setting can transfer to displaying the same good behaviors in other settings.?? In other cases, this tendency to generalize between similar stimuli can lead to problems. Failing to distinguish between two commands might make the learning process more difficult and can lead to incorrect responses. Fortunately, the same conditioning principles that are used to teach new behaviors can also be applied to help learners discriminate between similar stimuli and only respond to the desired stimulus.

Important Info About Your Premed Academic Records

AACOMAS has changed its grade forgiveness policy as of Feb 2017. For more about this, check out AACOMAS Changing Their Grade Forgiveness Policy. If you have retaken classes in the past or will need to retake a class in the future, reading this post will tell you what you need to know about how the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOMAS) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AMCAS) view these grades. AACOMAS and the AAMC use all grades received for repeated coursework in the total GPA—including the failing grade and all subsequent attempts. While both of these application services request that applicants enter in the coursework to create a standardized approach and final calculation, each individual medical school has its own way of reviewing academic records. The individual schools may rely only on the official transcripts, the data entered and/or some combination of both or only a section of either. For example, some osteopathic medical schools only review the last 60 hours of coursework. Each school as well as each individual selection committee member has their own approach. Here is the most important information that you need to know: For AACOMAS: †¢ All attempts at repeating the failed course must be recorded with the correct units and grades earned each time because they are calculated into the GPA. †¢ It does not matter where you took the class or retook it as long as you designate it as an equivalent course by labeling it â€Å"Repeated.† †¢ Withdrawals cannot be considered repeats. †¢ Classes that are designed to be retaken repeatedly, like PE classes, should not be listed as repeats. †¢ You can list classes as â€Å"Repeated,† even if you did not receive a failing grade in them, if you are allowed to take the class for credit again by your undergraduate institution. †¢ Some DO medical schools use this GPA calculation, others rely on official transcripts and still others may only review only the last 60 hours of coursework. For AMCAS: †¢ All attempts at repeating the failed course must be recorded with the correct units and grades earned each time because they are calculated into the GPA. †¢ AMCAS relies on the institution’s guidelines in allowing a student to retake a class (often this is only allowed for classes in which students have received failing grades, which is defined by each individual institution. AMCAS does not have a definition.). †¢ Any classes that are repeated without receiving credit should be listed as â€Å"Exempt† courses and will not have any impact on your GPA totals. †¢ Withdrawals and incompletes should not be included as repeat courses. †¢ AMCAS will not consider courses retaken on other campuses as â€Å"repeats.† The most important information that you can take away from this blog post is that if you do need to retake a class, if at all possible, it is best to retake it at the same institution so that whether you apply to osteopathic or allopathic schools, it will be considered a repeat course and demonstrate your improvement. Before deciding to repeat a course, you will need to research your undergraduate institution’s policies on what they define as a failing grade and whether they have any rules about retaking classes or the number of times you can retake a class. Taking classes for which you will not receive any credit will not help you in any way. Be strategic in your approach. Many students who have had to repeat classes have gotten accepted into medical school—it’s a matter of how quickly you can bounce back. Check out our medical school admissions services for help crafting an admissions strategy that will get you accepted! Alicia McNease Nimonkar worked for 5 years as the Student Advisor Director at the UC Davis School of Medicine's postbac program where she both evaluated applications and advised students applying successfully to med school and other health professional programs. She has served Accepted's clients since 2012 with roughly a 90% success rate. She has a Master of Arts in Composition and Rhetoric as well as Literature.  Want Alicia to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Applying to Medical School with Low Stats: What You Need to Know,   a free guide †¢ 5 A’s for Your Low GPA, a podcast episode †¢ Boost Your GPA for Medical School Acceptance